YES, thanks to Nightfood’s new Nighttime Ice Cream pregnant women can safely satisfy their cravings with eight flavors of yummy deliciousness without the sugar spikes, heartburn, and insomnia of regular ice cream. Nightfood is offering new moms TWO FREE PINTS with this secret link. 

The team of sleep and nutrition experts at Nightfood formulated their ice cream to be a pregnancy-friendly, guilt-free nighttime snack with a sleep-friendly nutritional profile that completely satisfies your crave monster.

Why do pregnant women have cravings?

Doctors don’t know exactly why women crave certain tastes, textures or flavor combinations. According to the Journal of American Dietetic Association, most cravings are the body’s attempt to obtain vitamins or minerals that are missing through normal food consumption. It may be changing hormones or the extra work your body does to sustain your baby.

It’s important to eat a nutritious diet when you’re pregnant and that means lean meats, fish, eggs, plenty of fruits and vegetables. Avoiding sugar and fat along with regular exercise are important to a healthy pregnancy.

The best ice cream to eat while pregnant

Nightfood Nighttime Ice Cream is the Official Ice Cream of the American Pregnancy Association because it includes more protein plus prebiotic fiber, digestive enzymes, amino acids and a special mineral blend that includes magnesium and calcium. These ingredients can mean less acid reflux, help prevent sugar spikes and make it more sleep-friendly. Because it also has less sugar, fat, and calories, it’s more waistline-friendly too.

Forget the pickles and relish this ice cream

Pregnant moms now have a new BFF in Nightfood. It’s sleep expert and crave monster approved, and now American Pregnancy Association recommended. Place an order today!

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If you choose to supplement your diet with synthetic nutrients, be sure to keep track of the daily amounts you take, and let your health care provider know. It is possible to overdose on certain vitamins and minerals, which could have adverse effects on you and your growing baby.
You should be well educated on what the recommended amounts are for prenatal vitamins and minerals during pregnancy.

Prenatal Vitamin and Mineral Sources

If your diet consists of unprocessed foods, fruits, a colorful variety of vegetables, whole grains, lentils, and plenty of water, then you likely have sufficient vitamins and minerals already in your body.  As long as you are eating a well-balanced diet, you need not fear to overdose on nutrients found naturally in foods.

However, some studies have shown symptoms of toxicity after a large consumption of animal organs, such as liver.
Supplements (synthetic vitamins and minerals) are a different story. They contain higher doses of nutrients in a concentrated form, which can be detrimental if taken in improper amounts. Always let your health care provider know what nutritional supplements you are taking.

Prenatal Vitamin Limits & Recommendations

Prenatal vitamins consist of a variety of vitamins and minerals. During pregnancy, a woman’s daily intake requirements for certain nutrients, such as folic acid (folate), calcium, and iron, will increase.  If you are pregnant (or trying to conceive) and considering taking a prenatal vitamin, carefully read the nutritional labels and familiarize yourself with terms like RDA and UL.

• RDA = Recommended Dietary Allowance. The RDA represents the amount of nutrient needed to maintain good health for most people.
• UL = Tolerable Upper Intake Levels. The UL represents the highest amount most people can take without experiencing potentially harmful effects.

In general, avoid taking extra prenatal vitamins or multivitamins with dosing in excess of what you need on a daily basis. High doses of some vitamins may be harmful to your baby. For example, extra vitamin A during pregnancy can potentially cause harm to your baby.

Taking more than twice the RDA of any nutrient should be avoided during pregnancy. If you are taking additional supplements, you should be aware of the signs and symptoms of overdose.

The Differences Between Fat-soluble and Water-soluble Vitamins

Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in your body. If you ingest more than your body needs, excess fat-soluble vitamins are stored in your liver and body fat. This can lead to toxic side-effects that wreak havoc on you and your baby.

Water-soluble vitamins are not stored in your body but are dissolved in water and excreted by urine on a regular basis.

If you ingest an overdose of a water-soluble vitamin, the exceeded quantities will be flushed from your body. However, overdose can still be dangerous because of potentially irritating effects the vitamins can have on your digestive system.

Want to Know More?

• Pregnancy Nutrition
• Vitamin D and Pregnancy
• Natural Sources of Vitamin B6 During Pregnancy
• Eating Seafood During Pregnancy

Compiled using information from the following sources:

• Natural Standard, https://www.naturalstandard.com/
• Jellin JM, Gregory PJ, Batz F, Hitchens, K, et al. Pharmacist’s Letter/Prescriber’s Letter Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. 4th ed. Stockton, CA: Therapeutic Research Faculty; 2002: pg 735, 1274, 1281, 1287 and 1379.
• Williams Obstetrics Twenty-Second Ed. Cunningham, F. Gary, et al Ch 8.
• Mayo Clinic

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What is CBD Oil?

Short for cannabidiol, CBD is found in marijuana and hemp plants. It doesn’t contain THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) so it doesn’t give you the intoxicating “high” associated with recreational marijuana. CBD oil is extracted and refined using ethanol to look like an actual oil. It’s available in a variety of products including pills, gels, gummies, vape oils, creams, and oral tinctures.

What do we know about the effects of CBD use during pregnancy and while breastfeeding?

There is no comprehensive research studying the effects of CBD on the developing fetus, pregnant mother, or breastfed baby. The FDA is continuing to collect and study the data on the possible harmful effects of CBD during pregnancy and while breastfeeding. However, based on what we do know, the FDA states there is significant cause for concern.

High doses of CBD in pregnant test animals have caused problems with the reproductive system of developing male fetuses. In addition, based on what they already know about CBD, the FDA expects that some amount of CBD will be transferred to babies through breast milk.

The FDA also states there is a potential for CBD products to be contaminated with substances that may pose a risk to the fetus or breastfed baby, including THC. They have also heard reports of CBD potentially containing other contaminants (e.g., pesticides, heavy metals, bacteria, and fungus); and are investigating this.

Moreover, CBD has known risks for people in general. Based on clinical studies in humans, risks can include the following:

• liver toxicity (damage)
• extreme sleepiness
• harmful interactions with other drugs

The FDA is studying the effects of CBD use from different angles, such as: (1) the use of CBD-containing products, like food, cosmetics, or supplements, over a person’s entire life; and (2) the effects of using these various products in combination. There are many unanswered questions about the science, safety, and quality of products containing CBD.

The FDA is planning to learn more about the effects of CBD during pregnancy and while breastfeeding, including, for example, whether and to what extent the presence of CBD in human milk harms the breastfed baby or the mother’s milk production.

Is CBD Oil legal?

Even though the government approves CBD derived from the hemp plant, individual states are changing their laws, which are not always the same as federal regulations. It’s important to check your state’s laws.

FDA has not approved any CBD products except for one prescription drug to treat rare, severe forms of seizure disorders in children. It states that it is still unclear whether CBD has any other benefits.

Should I use CBD oil?

The FDA strongly advises against the use of CBD on pregnant and breastfeeding women since research on the CBD’s safety among these populations is insufficient. It states on it’s website, “FDA strongly advises against the use of cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabionol (THC), and marijuana in any form during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.”

The FDA further states “Do not put yourself or your baby at risk by using cannabis products while pregnant or breastfeeding.”

Check out these links to learn more about cannabis, marijuana, CBD, and THC, and about taking medicines while you are pregnant:

• What You Need to Know About Products Containing Cannabis or Cannabis-derived Compounds, Including CBD
• Medicine and Pregnancy
• FDA Regulation of Cannabis and Cannabis-Derived Products: Questions and Answers
• U.S. Surgeon General’s Advisory: Marijuana Use and the Developing Brain

Want to Know More?

• Is it Safe During Pregnancy?
• Morning Sickness During Pregnancy
• Lightning Crotch Pain During Pregnancy

Resources:

• U.S. Food & Drug Administration
• WebMD: What is CBD?
• https://drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/can-marijuana-use-during-pregnancy-harm-baby
• Dalterio SL, deRooij DG. Maternal cannabinoid exposure. Effects on spermatogenesis in male offspring. Int J Androl. 1986 Aug;9

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Facts About Caffeine

Caffeine is a stimulant and a diuretic. Because caffeine is a stimulant, it increases your blood pressure and heart rate, both of which are not recommended during pregnancy.
Caffeine also increases the frequency of urination. This causes a reduction in your body fluid levels and can lead to dehydration.

Caffeine crosses the placenta to your baby. Although you may be able to handle the amounts of caffeine you feed your body, your baby doesn’t have the enzymes needed to metabolize caffeine.

Any amount of caffeine can also cause changes in your baby’s sleep pattern or normal movement pattern in the later stages of pregnancy. Remember, caffeine is a stimulant and can keep both you and your baby awake.

Caffeine is found in more than just coffee.  Caffeine is not only found in coffee but also in tea, soda, chocolate, and even some over-the-counter medications that relieve headaches. Be aware of what you consume.

Caffeine Facts or Myths?

Statement: Caffeine causes birth defects in humans

Facts: Numerous studies on animals have shown that caffeine can cause birth defects, premature labor, preterm delivery, reduced fertility, and increase the risk of low-birth-weight offspring and other reproductive problems.
There have not been any conclusive studies done on humans; however, it is still better to play it safe when it comes to inconclusive studies.

Statement: Caffeine causes infertility

Facts: Some studies have shown a link between high levels of caffeine consumption and delayed conception.

Statement: Caffeine causes miscarriages

Facts: In 2008, two studies on the effects of caffeine related to miscarriage showed significantly different outcomes. In one study released by the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, it was found that women who consume 200mg or more of caffeine daily are twice as likely to have a miscarriage as those who do not consume any caffeine.

According to a 2015 meta-analysis, the risk of miscarriage rose by 19% for every increase of 150 mg per day of caffeine and by 8% for every increase of two cups of coffee per day.

In another study released by Epidemiology, there was no increased risk in women who drank a minimal amount of coffee daily ( between 200-350mg per day.)

Due to conflicting conclusions from numerous studies, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the March of Dimes recommend that until more conclusive studies are done, pregnant women should limit caffeine intake to less than 200 mg per day. This is equal to about one 12 oz cup of coffee.

How much caffeine is in your favorite drinks & snacks?

• Coffee, average (check the specific blend & café that you purchase from for specific levels):
  • Brewed, 8 oz.  |  95 – 165 mg
  • Brewed, decaf, 8 oz.  |  2 – 5 mg
  • Espresso, 1 oz.  |  47 – 64 mg
  • Latte, 8 oz.  |  63 – 126 mg
• Dr. Pepper (12 oz) 37 mg
• 7 Eleven Big Gulp Diet Coke (32 oz) 124 mg
• 7 Eleven Big Gulp Coca-Cola (32 oz) 92 mg
• Ben & Jerry’s Coffee Buzz Ice Cream (8 oz) 72 mg
• Baker’s chocolate (1 oz) 26 mg
• Green tea (6 oz) 40 mg
• Black tea (6 oz) 45 mg
• Excedrin (per capsule) 65mg

Avoiding caffeine as much as possible is your safest course of action. If you must get your fix, it is best to discuss this with your healthcare provider to make the healthiest choice for you and your baby.

Want to Know More?

• Herbal Tea and Pregnancy

Compiled using information from the following sources:

1. Organization of Teratology Information Services Mother To Baby

2. Williams Obstetrics Twenty-Second Ed. Cunningham, F. Gary, et al, Ch. 8.

3. https://www.marchofdimes.com

4. Maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage: A prospective cohort study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 198, e1-8.. Weng, X., Odouli, R. & Li, D.K. (2008).

5. Caffeine and miscarriage risk. Epidemiology, 19 (1), 55-62. Savitz, D.A., Chan, R.L., Herring, A.H. & Hartmann, K.E. (2008).

6. The Mayo Clinic: Caffeine content in coffee, tea, soda, and more.

Fullscript: Surprising Effects And Sources of Caffeine: Why it Affects People Differently

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Can You Have Sex While Pregnant? Is it Safe?

It is common for couples to wonder whether sex and pregnancy are safe together. Unless your health care provider advises you otherwise, sex during pregnancy is safe for both you and your baby. The baby is protected by the amniotic fluid in the womb, by your abdomen, and by the mucus plug which seals your cervix and helps guard against infections.

When is sex during pregnancy NOT safe?

Sex is safe during pregnancy unless your healthcare provider has indicated that you have a high-risk pregnancy. Although there are few reasons to avoid sex during pregnancy, there are some situations when your health care provider may indicate that sex should be avoided. These situations include:

• History of premature birth or labor
• History of miscarriage
• If your water has broken
• If you experience unexplained vaginal bleeding or discharge
• If you have placenta previa or a very low-lying placenta
• If you have an incompetent cervix or if it has dilated
• If you or your partner has a sexually transmitted disease

It is also important to note that we are speaking about vaginal sex here. Anal sex is not considered safe during pregnancy and should be avoided. To read more about the risks this can bring into the equation, read our article.

What are the benefits of sex during pregnancy?

What are the benefits of sex during pregnancy?

Besides having sex during pregnancy just for the sheer fun of it, other possible benefits include:

• Staying active Having sex burns calories, which could help you and your partner stay active and keep fit
• Better orgasms Increased blood flow to your genital area during pregnancy often means better orgasm
• A boost in happiness Having an orgasm releases endorphins that can make you feel happy and relaxed
• Closer bond with your partner Having a healthy sex life during pregnancy is a good way to maintain a close emotional connection with your sexual partner – especially important in a time of so many changes.

What changes are expected during pregnancy?

Sex during pregnancy can still happen but realize your usual practices may need to adjust to keep things more comfortable given all the changes your body has gone through. Here are some things to consider when thinking about sex during pregnancy:

• The common missionary position may become uncomfortable and warrant considering other positions such as side by side or with you on top.
• As your breasts increase in size, they may become more tender or sore. Encourage your partner to explore other parts of your body and to find other ways to caress you. With the changes in your breast, it is best to avoid direct nipple stimulation.
• There is increased blood flow to the pelvic area that can lead to engorgement of the genitals and heighten the sensation; however, for some women, this can be more uncomfortable.
• Exhaustion, hormonal fluctuations, tender breasts and self-consciousness about weight gain can bring your sex drive to a halt. Sometimes you may need rest to regain energy – give yourself a break.

Unless your healthcare provider tells you otherwise, you and your partner should be able to enjoy sex during your pregnancy. Pay attention to your body and make adjustments so that you can enjoy the experience to the fullest.

Want to Know More?

• Oral Sex and Anal Sex During Pregnancy

Compiled using information from the following sources:
Planning Your Pregnancy and Birth Third Ed. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Ch. 5.
Mayo Clinic Guide To A Healthy Pregnancy Harms, Roger W., M.D., et al, Introduction.

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What Causes Diarrhea During Pregnancy?

• When you first find out you are pregnant, you may make sudden changes in your diet to make sure your baby is getting the nutrients they need. If you change the food you eat, that can sometimes cause an upset stomach or diarrhea.
• Another reason diarrhea occurs is because some pregnant women become sensitive to particular foods. These could be foods you have eaten often before, but eating them while pregnant can give you an upset stomach or diarrhea.
• Another cause of diarrhea during pregnancy is hormonal changes. Sometimes hormones can cause your digestive process to slow down, and at times that can lead to diarrhea. Every pregnant woman has these hormonal changes, but some will experience diarrhea early in their pregnancy from those changes.
• Bacterial or viral infection can also cause diarrhea.

Diarrhea During the Third Trimester of Pregnancy

Diarrhea during the third trimester is not as uncommon and is more likely to happen as you approach your due date. It could be a sign that labor is near, and it can occur right before labor or a couple of weeks before labor. If it is a couple of weeks before your due date, a premature birth should not be expected.

If you are experiencing diarrhea during your third trimester, it does not mean your baby is coming right now, so you should not be alarmed. This is just a way some women’s bodies prepare for the labor that is going to start at some point. You may want to be aware of other labor signs as well.

Treating Diarrhea During Pregnancy

Most cases of diarrhea will clear up on its own within a couple of days. The main concern of diarrhea is staying hydrated. Make sure you drink plenty of water, juice, and broth to rehydrate yourself and replace the electrolytes your body has lost. The water will help replenish your lost fluids, the juice will help replenish your potassium levels and the broth will help replenish your sodium.

If your diarrhea doesn’t clear up on its own you may need to consult your health-care provider. If diarrhea during your pregnancy is caused by bacteria or parasites, you may need antibiotics. If a virus is causing your diarrhea, antibiotics will not help. To determine the cause, you will need to speak with your health care provider.

Traveler’s Diarrhea and Pregnancy

Traveler’s diarrhea is a common illness that affects travelers each year. The onset of traveler’s diarrhea usually happens within a week of travel but could start at any time while traveling. It is important to know the area of your destination. Higher risk areas are in developing countries in South America, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. The main source of traveler’s diarrhea is consuming food or water contaminated with fecal matter.

If you will be traveling during your pregnancy you will want to avoid traveler’s diarrhea. Here are ways to help avoid diarrhea during pregnancy while traveling:

• Avoid tap water in high-risk areas – Don’t drink it, brush your teeth with it or use ice cubes made from it.
• Stay away from street vendors.
• Avoid fruits that can’t be peeled or that you didn’t peel yourself.
• Avoid areas with inadequate sanitation.

Want to Know More?

• Probiotics During Pregnancy
• Pregnancy and Travel
• Laxatives During Pregnancy

Compiled using information from the following sources:

1. Mayo Clinic, Pregnancy, and nutrition: Healthy-eating basics. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers Inc.

2. Center for Disease Control, Traveler’s Diarrhea.

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Tattoos During Pregnancy: First things first – SAFETY

Make sure that your tattoo artist follows or was following these guidelines:

• They are a registered practitioner (if your state registers tattoo artists).
• They always wear gloves during the procedure.
• They have an autoclave (sterilizing unit to sterilize equipment).
• The floors and surfaces are all clean.
• All the needles used are new, disposable, and made for single use only.
• The dressings are sterile, packed, and unopened.
• The dyes or ink used for the tattoo are also sterile packed and unopened.
• The artist is available for the first 24 hours if you have any problems. (Find out the availability of the artist if you have any problems in the days and months ahead).

If you have a tattoo and question the practices of the facility where you had it done, make sure you are tested for Hepatitis, HIV, and Syphilis.

Think it through

The main concern with getting a tattoo during pregnancy is the risk of contracting an infection, such as Hepatitis B and HIV. Although the risk is small, it is recommended that you wait to get a tattoo until after your baby is born.
Little information is available about the safety of skin dyes used for tattooing during pregnancy. It is possible that the chemicals in the dye may affect the development of the baby during the first 12 weeks. However, the risks are unknown, as are any effects on the baby during the remainder of the pregnancy.

Some women may have also heard that if they have a tattoo on their back, they will be unable to get an epidural. Very few studies have been done on the risks that could exist for women who have back tattoos and receive an epidural. So far none of these studies have conclusively found any data that indicates there are risks, so most anesthesiologists have no problem giving an epidural to a woman with a back tattoo.

If you want an epidural and have a tattoo on your back, it still would be best to contact the hospital and find out the policy in regard to tattoos and epidurals. Additionally, you could pass the infection to your baby if you are breastfeeding, although the risk is small. Ultimately it’s your decision, but you may want to wait until you are not breastfeeding to get a new tattoo.

What about Henna?

For thousands of years, women in Egypt, India, and much of the Middle East have brought “good luck” to their pregnancies by applying beautiful designs of henna on their pregnant bellies in the third trimester. According to legend, henna will bring safety in childbirth and a happy baby.

If you are interested in this temporary alternative, be aware that there are different types of henna. Natural, safe henna stains the skin orange, red, brown, cinnamon, brick, chocolate, or coffee and can last one to four weeks. Natural, safe henna does not come in the color black. You want to be absolutely sure the artist is using pure, natural products and NOT black henna.

Black henna is not safe for anyone, pregnant or not. Black henna contains para-phenylenediamine (PPD), which causes burns, blisters and various reactions that may last for months and is difficult to diagnose and treat.
If you have concerns about an existing tattoo or henna, talk with your healthcare provider.

Compiled using information from the following sources:
The Henna Page
Alliance of Professional Tattooist

Want to Know More?

Is Sex Safe During Pregnancy?

Is CBD Oil Safe During Pregnancy?

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Using Artificial Sweeteners During Pregnancy

Basic Information

Artificial sweeteners are ingredients that add sweetness to foods. Sweeteners are ingredients in soft drinks, desserts, candies, and pastries.  There are two categories of sweeteners: nutritive (contain calories) and non-nutritive (without calories).

Safety Considerations Artificial Sweeteners and Pregnancy

Nutritive sweeteners (such as table sugar) contain what is called “empty” calories. These additives contribute calories to the diet, but they contain few vitamins or minerals. When used in moderation, nutritive sweeteners are considered safe for consumption during pregnancy assuming they are not contributing to excess weight gain.
However, women with carbohydrate intolerance such as gestational diabetes, diabetes mellitus, or insulin resistance need to limit their use of nutritive sweeteners.

Nutritive sweeteners include sugars such as sucrose, dextrose, honey, corn sugar, fructose, and maltose. Sugar alcohols are also nutritive sweeteners that are often found in foods labeled as “sugar-free.” Technically, sugar alcohols are not sugars, but they do have calories which can be converted into fat.

Examples of sugar alcohols include Sorbitol, Xylitol, Isomalt, Mannitol, and Hydrogenated Starch.
Non-nutritive Sweeteners are added in very small amounts to foods for a significant sweetening effect and have been approved for use in dietetic or reduced-calorie foods and beverages. Research is limited on the safety of the use of non-nutritive sweeteners during pregnancy.

The following are non-nutritive sweeteners that are considered safe during pregnancy:

Rebaudioside A: (Stevia)

This is a new and common sweetener that is frequently used in soft drinks and juices. The FDA deems Stevia as safe during pregnancy; it has been given the GRAS (generally recognized as safe) rating by the FDA.

Acesulfame Potassium: (Sunett)

This sweetener is added to baked goods, frozen desserts, sugar-free gelatins, puddings, and beverages. Acesulfame Potassium has been deemed safe to use in moderation during pregnancy by the FDA.

Aspartame: (Equal or NutraSweet)

Aspartame is not effective in heat nor for long periods in liquid form. It is often found as an additive to soft drinks, gelatin, desserts, pudding mixes, breakfast cereals, beverages, chewing gum, dairy products, and other foods and drugs. According to the Food and Drug Administration(FDA), Aspartame is safe for use during pregnancy and lactation.
It is recommended to limit consumption to a moderate level.
Aspartame should not be used by anyone with PKU (a rare metabolic disorder), rare liver disease, or by pregnant women who have high levels of phenylalanine in their blood. Phenylalanine is a component of aspartame, and it may not metabolize correctly in anyone who has these conditions.

Sucralose: (Splenda)

This is a non-caloric sweetener that is made from sugar. Sucralose has been approved for use in baked goods, baking mixes, non-alcoholic beverages, chewing gum, coffee and tea products, confections and frostings, fats and oils, frozen dairy desserts and mixes, fruit juices, sugar substitutes, sweet sauces, toppings, and syrups. It can also be used as “table-top sweetener.”
Sucralose has no effect on blood sugar, offers no calories, and is deemed safe during pregnancy and lactation. According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), sucralose is safe for everyone to consume, including pregnant women.

Artificial Sweeteners that are NOT safe to use during pregnancy

Saccharin: (Sweet ‘N Low)

Although it is not used as much today as in the past, it still appears in many foods, beverages, and other substances. The FDA does consider saccharin to be safe to use for the general public. Former studies that had linked saccharin to an increased risk of developing bladder cancer have been dismissed by the National Toxicology Program.
But studies do show that saccharin crosses the placenta and may remain in fetal tissue, so its use for pregnant women still remains in question.

Cyclamate:

Cyclamate is currently banned for use in the U.S., and there is insufficient data regarding the safety of its use during pregnancy. If you use artificial sweeteners and are pregnant, it is always best to talk with your health care provider regarding which sweetener you use and how much you consume.
Last Updated: 07/2015

Want to Know More?

• Pregnancy Nutrition
• Nightfood Nighttime Ice Cream: the Official Pregnancy Ice Cream of the American Pregnancy Association

Compiled using information from the following sources:
The Cleveland Health Clinic https://www.clevelandclinic.org/
U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.fda.gov/
Weiner, C. P., & Rope, K. (2013). The Complete Guide to Medications During Pregnancy & Breastfeeding.

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Questions related to hair treatments during pregnancy are common. Most treatments involve chemicals and dyes which leave women wondering if they are safe.

Different Types of Hair Treatments Include:

• Coloring- This includes permanent, semi-permanent, and temporary dyes.
• Curling- Permanent waves are created by using two solutions on the hair. The first of these is a waving solution, and the second is a solution for neutralization/fixation.
• Bleaching- This treatment uses hydrogen peroxide.
• Relaxers- These are also known as perms. They contain either lye (sodium hydroxide) or no-lye (potassium, lithium, or guanidine hydroxide) which are used to permanently straighten the hair.

Are Hair Dyes and Treatment Chemicals Safe While Pregnant?

Although fairly limited, most research indicates the chemicals found in both semi-permanent and permanent dyes are not highly toxic and are safe to use during pregnancy. In addition, only small amounts of hair dye may be absorbed by the skin, leaving little that would be able to reach the fetus.

As such, this small amount is not considered harmful to the fetus. The same is considered true while breastfeeding. Although no data is available on women receiving hair treatments while breastfeeding, it is known that little of the chemicals would actually be absorbed into the bloodstream. Therefore, the chance of them entering the milk and posing a risk to an infant would be unlikely.

However, if you are hesitant to use regular hair dyes during pregnancy, there are some safer alternatives to consider. For example, having highlights put in your hair decreases any risk as the dye is only placed on strands of your hair and does not touch the scalp.

Thus, the skin does not absorb the chemicals into the bloodstream. Another alternative is pure vegetable dyes including henna. If you are still concerned about using hair dyes during pregnancy, you may want to talk to your doctor. Some physicians recommend waiting at least until the second or third trimester, if not until after pregnancy, to dye your hair.

What Precautions Should I Take When Chemically Treating My Hair?

• Consider waiting until the second trimester to treat your hair.
• Make sure the treatment is done in a well-ventilated area.
• Do not leave the chemicals on your hair any longer than indicated by the directions.
• Rinse your scalp thoroughly with water after treatment.
• Wear gloves when applying the treatment.
• Carefully follow the directions on the package.
• Do a patch test for allergic reactions before completing the process.
• Never dye or bleach eyebrows or eyelashes. This could cause swelling or increase the risk of infection in the eye area.

Another thing to keep in mind is the fact that pregnancy, in itself, can naturally change the hair’s texture. Pregnancy may also cause your hair to react differently to perming or coloring. If this is the case, you may want to wait until after pregnancy to treat your hair.

What if I Work as a Cosmetologist and Am Pregnant?

For cosmetologists, the risks during pregnancy come from the amount of exposure to hair treatment chemicals, which is affected by the number of hours worked, as well as, working conditions. One study indicates a greater risk for miscarriage in women who apply large numbers of bleaches and permanent hair dyes, work more than 40 hours per week, and/or work in salons that offer nail sculpturing services.
Proper working conditions, such as wearing protective gloves, not eating or drinking in the work area, and making sure your work area is well-ventilated are also important to limit exposure to hair treatment chemicals.

Overall, hair treatments are generally considered safe to use during pregnancy. However, you may also consider getting highlights or using pure vegetable dyes. Regardless, your safest option is to wait at least until after the first trimester, if not until after pregnancy.

Compiled using information from the following sources:

1. American Cancer Society. (2014). Hair dyes. Retrieved from

2. Mayo Clinic, Yvonne Butler Tobah, M.D. Is it ok to use hair dye during pregnancy?

3. National Health Service. (2013). Is it safe to use hair dye when I’m pregnant or breastfeeding?

4. Organization of Teratology Information Specialists. (2010). Hair treatments and pregnancy.

The post Hair Treatment During Pregnancy appeared first on American Pregnancy Association.

Foods to Avoid While Pregnant

Raw Meat: Uncooked seafood and rare or undercooked beef or poultry should be avoided during pregnancy because of the risk of contamination with coliform bacteria, toxoplasmosis, and salmonella. At home, the temperature should reach at least 145 F for whole cuts, 160 F for ground meats like hamburger, and 165 F for chicken breasts.

Deli Meat: Deli meats have been known to be contaminated with listeria, which can cause miscarriage. Listeria has the ability to cross the placenta and may infect the baby, which could lead to infection or blood poisoning and may be life-threatening. If you are pregnant and you are considering eating deli meats, make certain that you reheat the meat until it is steaming.

Fish with Mercury: Fish that contain high levels of mercury should be avoided. Mercury consumed during pregnancy has been linked to developmental delays and brain damage. A sample of these types of fish includes shark, swordfish, king mackerel, and tilefish. Canned, chunk light tuna generally has a lower amount of mercury than other tuna, but still should only be eaten in moderation. The American Pregnancy Association recommends Safe Catch Tuna because their testing technology ensures each can of tuna is as pure as wild salmon or wild sardines.

Certain types of fish used in sushi should also be avoided due to high levels of mercury. Please see Mercury in Fish for specific types of fish and further information on how to calculate mercury levels.

Smoked Seafood –Refrigerated, smoked seafood often labeled as lox, nova style, kippered, or jerky should be avoided because it could be contaminated with listeria. (These are safe to eat when they are in an ingredient in a meal that has been cooked, like a casserole.) This type of fish is often found in the deli section of your grocery store. Canned or shelf-safe smoked seafood is usually fine to eat.

Fish Exposed to Industrial Pollutants: Avoid fish from contaminated lakes and rivers that may be exposed to high levels of polychlorinated biphenyls. This is primarily for those who fish in local lakes and streams. These fish include bluefish, striped bass, salmon, pike, trout, and walleye. Contact the local health department or the Environmental Protection Agency to determine which fish are safe to eat in your area. Remember, this is regarding fish caught in local waters and not fish from your local grocery store.

Raw Shellfish: The majority of seafood-borne illness is caused by undercooked shellfish, which include oysters, clams, and mussels. Cooking helps prevent some types of infection, but it does not prevent the algae-related infections that are associated with red tides. Raw shellfish pose a concern for everybody, and they should be avoided altogether during pregnancy.

Raw Eggs: Raw eggs or any foods that contain raw eggs should be avoided because of the potential exposure to salmonella. Some homemade Caesar dressings, mayonnaise, homemade ice cream or custards, and Hollandaise sauces may be made with raw eggs. If the recipe is cooked at some point, this will reduce the exposure to salmonella. Commercially manufactured ice cream, dressings, and eggnog is made with pasteurized eggs and do not increase the risk of salmonella. Sorry, but you should probably resist the raw cookie dough too if it contains raw eggs.

Restaurants should be using pasteurized eggs in any recipe that is made with raw eggs, such as Hollandaise sauce or dressings.

Soft Cheeses: Imported soft cheeses may contain listeria bacteria.  It’s best to avoid soft cheeses such as Brie, Camembert, Roquefort, Feta, Gorgonzola, and Mexican style cheeses that include Queso Blanco and Queso Fresco unless they clearly state that they are made from pasteurized milk. All soft non-imported cheeses made with pasteurized milk are safe to eat.

Unpasteurized Milk: Unpasteurized milk may contain listeria. Make sure that any milk you drink is pasteurized.

Pate: Refrigerated pate or meat spreads should be avoided because they may contain the bacteria listeria. Canned pate or shelf-safe meat spreads can be eaten.

Fresh-squeezed Juice: Pregnant women should opt for juice that is pasteurized. Fresh-squeezed juice in restaurants, juice bars, or farm stands may not be pasteurized to protect against harmful bacteria, including salmonella and E. coli. Some markets also sell raw, unpasteurized juice in the refrigerated case — look for the required warning label, and steer clear.  Juice in boxes and bottles on your supermarket shelf is also safe.

Caffeine: Although most studies show that caffeine intake in moderation is permissible, there are others that show that caffeine intake may be related to miscarriages. Avoid caffeine during the first trimester to reduce the likelihood of a miscarriage. As a general rule, caffeine should be limited to fewer than 200 mg per day during pregnancy. That’s one 12-ounce cup of coffee. Caffeine is a diuretic, which means it helps eliminate fluids from the body. Don’t forget, your favorite soda, chocolate or energy drink probably contains caffeine.

This can result in water and calcium loss. It is important that you are drinking plenty of water, juice, and milk rather than caffeinated beverages. Some research shows that large amounts of caffeine are associated with miscarriage, premature birth, low birth weight, and withdrawal symptoms in infants. The safest thing is to refrain from consuming caffeine.

Alcohol: There is NO amount of alcohol that is known to be safe during pregnancy, and therefore alcohol should be avoided during pregnancy. Prenatal exposure to alcohol can interfere with the healthy development of the baby. Depending on the amount, timing, and pattern of use, alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or other developmental disorders.

If you consumed alcohol before you knew you were pregnant, stop drinking now. You should continue to avoid alcohol during breastfeeding. Exposure of alcohol to an infant poses harmful risks, and alcohol does reach the baby during breastfeeding.

Unwashed Vegetables: Vegetables are safe, and a necessary part of a balanced diet. However, it is essential to make sure they are washed to avoid potential exposure to toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis may contaminate the soil where the vegetables were grown.

Raw Sprouts: Don’t eat any raw sprouts, including alfalfa, clover, and radish. Bacteria can get into the seeds before the sprouts begin to grow, and these germs are nearly impossible to wash away. At the deli, check sandwiches to make sure they don’t contain raw sprouts. At home, cook sprouts thoroughly to destroy any bacteria.

Compiled using information from the following sources:

1. Mayo Clinic Guide To A Healthy Pregnancy Harms, Roger W., M.D., et al, Introduction.

2. U.S. Food and Drug Administration: https://www.fda.gov/

3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: https://www.cdc.gov/pregnancy/index.html

3. Eating for Two: The Complete Guide to Nutrition During Pregnancy Abbott-Hess, Mary, et al, Ch. 4, 5 and 7.

4. William’s Obstetrics Twenty-Second Ed. Cunningham, F. Gary, et al, Ch. 8.

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